Essay about The Transformations of Lady Macbeth and Hamlet

The Transformations of Lady Macbeth and Hamlet In William Shakespeare’s tragedy Macbeth, we experience a completely different Lady Macbeth at the beginning of the play, than we do as the play unfolds. Lady Macbeth is the perfect example of a character playing a dramatic role reversal. At the beginning of the play, her character was that of a strong, controlling wife, whose goal was to make her husband commit a murder in order to become king. Lady Macbeth ends up going crazy and having a nervous breakdown, eventually killing herself. Hamlet, on the other hand, is another one of Shakespeare’s tragic plays in which the main character, Hamlet, is faced with a similar situation. He saw the ghost of his father, and was greatly troubled†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"In the mind of Lady Macbeth, ambition is represented as the ruling motive, an intense overmastering passion which is gratified at the expense of every just and generous principle, and every feminine feeling.† (Jameson, 191). Lady Macbeth is a very ambitious woman with a relentless hunger for power, longing to satisfy her role among the high society. She urges her husband Macbeth to commit a murder, and comes up with a plan for him to kill the king while he sleeps, then blame the kings’ guards. â€Å"Lady Macbeth, upon receiving word that King Duncan of Scotland will be arriving that night, begins sharpening her talons. She isn’t sure there’s enough manhood to go around between herself and her husband, so she calls scheming spirits to ‘unsex me here.’† (Macrone, 1). When Lady Macbeth says â€Å"unsex me here†, she is basically saying that she wants power. â€Å"But having evoked her husband’s murderous ambition, having dared him to stop being a child, she suddenly finds that when he is a man, she is powerless.† (Orgel, xli). Act 3, Scene 4, is when the king is found dead and Lady Macbeth makes a scene by saying, â€Å"Help me, hence, ho† (Orgel, 3 5). She then pretends to faint, hoping to divert the attention from the king’s murder, and all of the men immediately refocus their attention on her. It is very obvious that Lady Macbeth is not worried about the murder at all, when she tells her husband that â€Å"a little water clears us of this deed†Show MoreRelatedWho Should You Trust?1543 Words   |  7 PagesTrust Issue in Macbeth â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair. Hover through the fog and filthy air.† (Page 323). This line is one of the most important ones from Macbeth. Macbeth is one the most popular plays by William Shakespeare. Moss and Wilson state, â€Å"Some details of William Shakespeare s life are still shrouded in uncertainty. What is known is that he rose to prominence as a playwright in London toward the end of the sixteenth century and that he died on April 23, 1616. He wrote Macbeth sometime betweenRead MoreMacbeth by William Shakespeare1154 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth is a play written by Shakespeare in the 1603; it is based on themes of ambition, power and authority. Macbeth is a tragic hero who becomes ‘Thane of Cawdor’ and meets three witches that predict he will become a king, which leads him to commit the regicide. Rupert Goold and many other directors have altered and interpreted Macbeth in many ways. In this essay I will compare and contrast the ways in which La dy Macbeth is presented in the original play and Gold’s 2010 film adaptation. ShakespeareRead MoreMacbeth as a Tragic Hero1513 Words   |  7 PagesMacbeth as a Tragic Hero William Shakespeare s plays have the reputation of being among the greatest in the English language and in Western literature. Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth, considered some of the finestRead MoreLiterature And Poetry s Influence On Our Mind1842 Words   |  8 Pagesand is clearly the reason for their great interest which eventually led to the conceptualization of human mind in the subsequent years. Shakespeare has widely presented insanity as a way to liberate frustration and constraints from oppression. From Hamlet, Ophelia and to Lear, these characters that have shown a composed and balanced disposition at the beginning of the play slowly begin to lose their thread of sanity after a series of catastrophic events. It shows how people who appear to be calm andRead Moreshakespeare influences16068 Words   |  65 PagesQUESTION 5. SIGNIFICANCE AND RATIONALE 6. ANALYSIS 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. ABSTRACT This thesis analysis the textual and symbolic similarities between Shakespeare s tragedies Macbeth and Hamlet and William Faulkner s the sound and the furry and Absalom, Absalom!. Faulkner absorbed essential characteristics of Shakespearean tragedies and utilized them consciously and unconsciously in the creation of his own tragic figures. Comparison

The Evaluation Of Public Relations Internship Program

The evaluation of Public Relations Internship Program in China Literature Review Nowadays, when new ideas, professions and whole fields are imported or received into cultures that had no part in their creation and development, it is important to study how these fields fit in, are adapted to or are altered by their new host countries. China is the largest of these host countries. Since the early 1980s, Western ideas, practices and fields have been introduced into and have taken root in China. Some of these are: public relations, advertising, business administration, management, and marketing. The tenets of the public relations industry have been studied and practiced throughout history. Alan Leahigh†¦show more content†¦Internship programs are an effective way to incorporate practical experience into the education of construction students. Many research studies have been conducted to analyze the advantages and pros of internships in the field of Public relations for the students. The studies reveal that the students who had been engaged in such internship programs have been observed to have a better career path as compare to the ones who did not opted for it (Filak Pritchard, 2008). Moreover, internship during the academics period also serves as an assessment tool for the universities (Filak Pritchard, 2008). A research study by Ganahl?s (2003) found out that that in the corporate industry counts the educational experiences of those students who have opted for internships as highly meaningful. Apparently, public relations, fits the pattern of advertising and management. It was developed and has matured in the West. And China is a receiver country. Public relations in China, is thus a prime example of a newly introduced field. Public relations-related activities exist in every society and in countless sub-sectors of those societies. For practitioners, real and important changes occur when a set of theoretical approaches and techniques and a coherent underlying logic gather these activities into a comprehensive professional field. Public relations in China, is at this stage today. In the process of creating itself, the The Evaluation Of Public Relations Internship Program The evaluation of Public Relations Internship Program in China Literature Review Nowadays, when new ideas, professions and whole fields are imported or received into cultures that had no part in their creation and development, it is important to study how these fields fit in, are adapted to or are altered by their new host countries. China is the largest of these host countries. Since the early 1980s, Western ideas, practices and fields have been introduced into and have taken root in China. Some of these are: public relations, advertising, business administration, management, and marketing. The tenets of the public relations industry have been studied and practiced throughout history. Alan Leahigh†¦show more content†¦Internship programs are an effective way to incorporate practical experience into the education of construction students. Many research studies have been conducted to analyze the advantages and pros of internships in the field of Public relations for the students. The studies reveal that the students who had been engaged in such internship programs have been observed to have a better career path as compare to the ones who did not opted for it (Filak Pritchard, 2008). Moreover, internship during the academics period also serves as an assessment tool for the universities (Filak Pritchard, 2008). A research study by Ganahl?s (2003) found out that that in the corporate industry counts the educational experiences of those students who have opted for internships as highly meaningful. Apparently, public relations, fits the pattern of advertising and management. It was developed and has matured in the West. And China is a receiver country. Public relations in China, is thus a prime example of a newly introduced field. Public relations-related activities exist in every society and in countless sub-sectors of those societies. For practitioners, real and important changes occur when a set of theoretical approaches and techniques and a coherent underlying logic gather these activities into a comprehensive professional field. Public relations in China, is at this stage today. In the process of creating itself, the

Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper And Story Of An Hour

The stories of the Yellow Wallpaper and Story of an Hour are both stories that have deep meaning, and many hidden symbols. In both stories there is a woman who in some way is oppressed by some outside force and must find a way to overcome this oppression. While in both stories the main charcter goes through a different ordeal, The main theme behind these events are the same and the two experiences can compare to eachother. the events match in both women we oppressed by men and portrayed as the weaker sex, both the woman find a way to cope with the situation, and both stories have a tragic and ironic ending. The first aspect both stories have in common is the fact that both of the women are oppressed by a man in their life.â€Å"The†¦show more content†¦In this story as well the woman is portrayed as a weak charcter as soon as the story begins there is a statement; Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gentl y as possible the news of her husbands death.(Chopin) Not only because she is woman, she also has a heart problem and would not be able to cope with the news. Althoguh both women are now in diffcult position, they both find a common ground or a way to deal with their problems. In the case of The Yellow Wallpaper one critism stated Even if Jane does not consciously recognize the socially oppressive character reflected by the physical pattern of the wallpaper, her observation that â€Å"I fancy it is the pattern that keeps her so still† indicates her awareness of the futility of any attempt made by the woman in the wallpaper, or herself, to receive any relief, understanding, or satisfaction from this oppressive Order. (Suess pg.86) He comes to realize that the answers she is looking for she will not be able to find being trapped in the room. Just as the woman she now sees trapped in the wallpaper can not be happy in there. In The Story an Hour however, Mrs. Mallard takes a different approach to dealing with her current situation. After the death of her husband as mentioned before she is relievef and states that she is now free. The way she begins to deal with the situation is that she realizes that she canShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper And The Story Of An Hour Analysis780 Words   |  4 Pageswomen went through, and how they battled for the freedoms they desperately wanted. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story about a woman that goes to a summer home to rest and get well under the supervision of her husband who is also a physician. Her husband decided it would be best if she sat in a room alone and did nothing. In the end, she becomes insane and finally finds her freedom. â€Å"The Story of An Hour† is about, Mrs. Mallard, a woman who has just found out her husband has died. Mrs. MallardRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper And The Story Of An Hour Analysis983 Words   |  4 PagesCharlotte Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† both take place primarily in domestic spaces representative of the attitudes and feelings of each character. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† tells the story of a young woman’s decent into depression and madness, commonly attributed to the excessive and unnecessary control her husband exerts over her. â€Å"The Story of an Hour† delves into the conflicted mind of a young woman after hearing the news of her husband’s death and herRead MoreAnalysis of the Yellow Wallpaper and Story of an Hour1110 Words   |  5 PagesThe stories of the Yellow Wallpaper and Story of an Hour are both stories that have deep meaning, and many hidden symbols. In both stories there is a woman who in some way is oppressed by some outside force and must find a way to overcome this oppression. While in both stories the main charcter goes through a different ordeal, The main theme behind these events are the same and the two experiences can compare to eachother. the events match in both women we oppressed by men and portrayed as theRead MoreAnalysis Of Kate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour And The Yellow Wallpaper 721 Words   |  3 Pages8 Part 2 Literary Analysis October 29, 2017 Longing for Freedom How much would you sacrifice to have the ability to make your own decisions? Would you risk your sanity or even your life? â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman both illustrate the feeling of wanting to escape and gaining freedom. Both stories are about a woman who is oppressed by her husband and trying to find a way to overcome this depression. These stories are written duringRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Of An Hour And Charlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper908 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† are two short stories that share similar themes and ideas. The authors’ use of point of view, symbolism, and imagery are different but still convey the same basic idea. Both stories cover the theme of marriage and share the idea that marriage is oppressive. The stories focus on two wives desperate to break from the control of their husbands. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the woman’s husband is a doctor thereforeRead MoreFiction Analysis879 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 102 Dr. Alexander October 14, 2010 Fiction Analysis The two short stories, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and â€Å"Story of an Hour†, are two very similar stories. They share similarities of feminism, freedom, and marriage. The short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, is a story about the struggle of a woman to gain her freedom and to get her own life apart from her controlling husband. The physician, who also happens to be the woman’s husband, keeps her in aRead MoreCultural Analysis : The Yellow Wallpaper927 Words   |  4 PagesCultural Analysis: The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story told from the perspective of a woman who’s believed to be â€Å"crazy†. The narrator believes that she is sick while her husband, John, believes her to just be suffering from a temporary nervous depression. The narrator’s condition worsens and she begins to see a woman moving from behind the yellow wallpaper in their bedroom. The wallpaper captures the narrator’s attention and initial drives herRead More Oppression of Women in Chopins Story of an Hour and Gilmans Yellow Wallpaper 1246 Words   |  5 PagesChopins Story of an Hour and Gilmans Yellow Wallpaper    The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman share the same view of the subordinate position of women in the late 1800s. Both stories demonstrate the devastating effects on the mind and body that result from an intelligent person living with and accepting the imposed will of another. This essay will attempt to make their themes apparent by examining a brief summery of their stories and relatingRead MoreEffects Of Repressing The Yellow Wallpaper 1520 Words   |  7 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper In her story, The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman expresses exasperation towards the separate male and female roles expected of her society, and the evident repressed rights of a woman versus the active duties of a man. The story depicts the methods taken to cure a woman of her psychological state during Gilman’s time, and delineates the dominant cure of the time period, â€Å"the resting cure,† which encouraged the restraint of the imagination (The Yellow Wallpaper: LookingRead MoreFiction Essay: Yellow Wallpaper and Story of the Hour1517 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Victoria Reyes English 104-OL5 Professor Steiner September 9, 2013 â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper and Story of The Hour: A Character Analysis† Marriage has often been described as one of the most beautiful and powerful unions one human can form with another. It is the sacred commitment and devotion that two people share in a relationship that makes marriage so appealing since ancient times, up until today. To have and to hold, until death do us part, are the guarantees that two individuals make

Occupational Health and Hygiene Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Occupational Health and Hygiene. Answer: Introduction Employees travelling to international countries ought to be well protected so as to reduce the risks. Care standards as stipulated in the UK, the company has a responsibility to train the staff, ensure that the staff is adequately prepared by provision of the equipment, ensure that they are well informed and they should get the necessary support they need. The two hundred and fifty employees need to be aware that they ought to fill forms on risk assessment, security safety and travel form. Toxicology is the process by which poisonous substances are analyzed and the potential effect the substance has to the people exposed. This includes the various properties of the chemicals they are exposed to, the ventilation in the workplace and occupational hazards (OBren and Hussey 2017, p. 4). Findings The current two hundred and fifty employees lack proper protective equipment to protect them from exposure to potential hazards. The employees need to be provided with aprons to prevent them from being contaminated during work. Occupational health helps in maintaining the productivity of the company. The company has not adequately provided enough signage in the work area. This leads to improper work flow and this leads to contamination. The employees currently do not do necessary research on their travel destination and thus subjecting themselves to risks when they are overseas. Currently, there is no defined method of reporting incidents whenever they occur. The company ought to make clear guidelines on reporting and documenting incidents. Employees must also seek necessary health advice so as to avoid travel or work associated risks on their health. All employees are required to be covered by insurance that is acceptable globally. Risk assessment must be documented and necessary ad vice should be indicated. There should be minimal standards that have to be met by the company and employees before they leave for overseas. Local travel should be organized early to avoid employees being stranded and a crisis management should be formed and employees while in overseas should have extra money to use whenever an emergency occurs e.g. flight cancellation. Discussion. Risk Assessment Risk assessment is an important aspect in ensuring that our staff is well aware of what they may face while they have travelled. Risk assessment ought to be done prior to commencement of the journey. The assessment will also determine the fitness of the employees so as to ascertain that they are fit. There is need to ensure that the staff travelling overseas are of sound health. This assessment will prevent additional risks that unhealthy individuals may face. The already existing conditions will guide and thus the individual will not be compounded by the work load while overseas. The company ought to have an office on occupational health and safety to enable the employees to seek advice from them. There are various factors of consideration that guide risk assessment before the employees embark on their journey. Employees ought to have their personal protective equipment while preparing on the overseas travel. The employees should find information on any endemic disease that could be available during their travel schedule. They should also assess the risk relating to their safety e.g. criminals or disruptions on political or civil grounds. The employees need to know if there could be conflicts between countries neighboring their destination. Medical assessment is also vital to determine any existing medical condition, whether there are water borne illnesses in their travel destination and safety of their personal possessions such as mobile phones or bank cards (Smith 2012, p. 37). The management ought to be ready to direct the employees who may have issues with the risk assessment. Employees ought to complete the various forms of risk assessment in full and any issues raised ought to be handled professionally. Risk assessment of the individual traveler helps medical practitioners to base their advice on the travelers health. After assessment, relevant medications and vaccinations are done. The assessment determines: the health of the traveler, reason and time of travel, the destination and the individual behavior of the traveler (Zuckerman 2015, p. 34). Insurance The company ought to invest on an insurance policy to cover our employees while working abroad. It must be mandatory for all of the employees to travel with their insurance cards so as to be able to be covered in case of an accident while at work. Employees also have to be informed that the cover may reduce if their travel destination is sanctioned. All claims ought to be reported immediately and in case one loses his or her property, they ought to report to the local police and get necessary documentation. Employees travelling overseas ought to comply to the risk assessment requirements so that their cover is not conditioned (Hathway 2014,p. 138). Health advice. The companys management ought to ensure that the employees travelling overseas re advised adequately on the associated risks that they could face during the travel. The occupational health department that is to be established will guide the employees at least one month before their travel schedule. Employees are advised to contact their general practitioners before their travel. They should also be guided to familiarize themselves with the flight hours. During the travel, employees may be subjected to carry first aid kits, repellants against insects, and medication on diarrhea. Anti-malaria medication and mosquito nets should also be included during travelling (Perrewe 2011, p. 112). Due to the homogenous composition of the employees, special considerations are done so as to avoid contraindication. Before considerations are made, elderly persons are advised to seek medical advice. Expectant ladies past their second trimester are discouraged from air travels. Certain vaccinations cannot be done to expectant ladies and that restricts their travelling. Expectant ladies are also at a risk of developing complications during travelling internationally. Hepatitis E and malaria can be fatal when travelling. Altitudes also have an impact on expectant ladies, this can lead to unnecessary pressure and thus leading to miscarriages. There are a number of illnesses that increase health risks when travelling. Travelers are advised to bring with them their relevant medications during the flight. The illnesses include: cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes mellitus, severe anemia, chronic illnesses needing attention, respiratory illnesses, epilepsy etc. (Hamilton 2003, p. 48). Accident reporting Employees are to report all incidents that happen while they are overseas. They should report the incident in writing and this will enable follow up and appropriate action to be taken. Near miss cases must also be reported to enable mitigation strategies to be deployed. Procedures should be printed and pinned on strategic locations to enable the employees remember whatever that is expected of them. Incidents of greater magnitudes ought to be reported immediately so that the insurance can make a follow up. The contact information of the insurance should be printed at the back of the insurance cards to enable all the employees to possess the contact (Levy 2005, p. 39). Terrorism Terrorism being a global issue, persons of British origin have become a target. In spite the diversity of nationalities in the company, employees should be made to have contact addresses of their various embassies while in overseas. Employees must be aware of the situation of their travel destination. This risk assessment must be done through reading and watching news on their travel destination. Employees should also be made to avoid social gathering joints of overseas so as to avoid getting to become targets. Employees also ought to have proper plans that are well documented to enable a follow up. While in overseas, the employees are expected to stay in areas they can get help whenever emergency situations occur (Smedley 2013, p. 238). Communication The company is required to be making periodic calls to it is employees while they are overseas. It is important for the company to be in constant communication with it is employees to ascertain their safety. Staff mobile phones must always be set to international roaming so as to enable accessibility. The mobile phones must be standardized to enable them to work in all countries that they may visit while on duty. The company ought to invest on a backup plan to enable communication to it is employees. All necessary details about the various employees ought to be captured accurately so as to enable communication to them or their next of kin (Kloss 2013, p. 94). Standards for overseas travel. The company must lay down regulations guiding employees on overseas travelling. The standards will act as a control to the employees and will also enable the management to obtain the necessary documents for the same. The company must arrange for flights and accommodation for the employees early enough. The agency that is mandated to guide the employees must also provide an avenue of contacting each and every individual while they are working abroad. The employees should also be subjected to carry contact cards that are to be used in case of emergency. Employees must also not be subjected to other duties if the flight they are to take is longer than six hours. Employees should be given recovery days whenever they extend their duties while overseas. A risk assessment ought to be done on various times the group is to travel. This will enable reducing unnecessary costs. Senior management officials must also not be allowed to travel if they do not have functions that may need their attention. Employees must also receive standard accommodation while overseas. The facilities should enable a healthy stay. A risk assessment must also be done to determine if they are required to carry extra facilities while they are overseas (WHO 2009, p. 84). Local travel. In chances that our staff will be required to drive themselves, they are required to familiarize themselves with the local regulations. The company should also provide means of movement by making prior arrangements e.g. booking early or even hiring vehicles that will assist (WHO 2009, p. 84). Crisis management Emergencies are bound to happen without warning. Whenever they occur, the staff should be able to contact the head office immediately and seek local assistance from our travel agency. Limits on credit cards should be increased so as to enable our employees to be able to manage themselves. This in particular can be helpful in case their flight is cancelled on their day of travel (Halbesleben 2012, p. 173). Reference contact Each staff member is required to have the necessary contact information of the group leader. The leader should be notified of all activities that one may want to undertake. This approach is necessary for accountability and traceability purposes {Spellman 2011, p. 71}. Considerations when putting procedures into place. Conduct talks to educate the employees on the need to adhere to the companys regulations. Involve the employees during the regulation making processes so that they feel that they own the regulations. Ensure that all the employees have sufficient personal protective equipment and it is good shape, create a conducive environment for all the employees so that work related stress can be reduced and early communication to the employees is necessary so that the employees have adequate time to prepare for the international travel (Lewis 2012, p. 63). Conclusion Provision of personal protective equipment leads to prevention of hazards in the work place. Utilization of facial masks helps in prevention of inhalation and ingestion of poisonous substances. International travel regulations ought to be adhered to. It is advisable for travelers to plan ahead before their travelling time so as to make necessary arrangements on good areas that practice good hygiene. The company should introduce programs that will help integrate individuals at the work place. Stressed persons ought to seek counseling services. The services will help them to cope to the various challenges that they face while in the work environment. Proper management of stress will prevent progression and thus preventing development of illnesses. Recommendations Drafting of relevant regulations to guide the employees on the importance of occupational health. Conducting public health talks to educate the employees on the need to adhere to the safety regulations. Ensure that there is adequate signage to remind the employees on the need to ensure that they comply with health and hygiene regulations. Motivate the employees when they observe enacted regulations so as to build the need to comply with the regulations (Smedley 2013, p. 238). References Halbesleben, J. and Rosen, C. (2012). The role of the economic crisis on occupational stress and well being. 10th ed. Bingley: Emerald. Hamilton Richard J. (2003). Occupational ,Industrial , and environmental Toxicology. Pennsylvania: Mosby ,Inc, p.48. Hathaway, G. and Proctor, N. (2014). Proctor and Hughes' Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. 3rd ed. Hoboken: Wiley-Interscience [Imprint], p.138. International travel and health. (2009). Geneva: World Health Organization. Kloss, D. (2013). Occupational Health Law. 5th ed. Somerset: Wiley, p.94. Levy, B. (2005). Preventing occupational disease and injury. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association. Lewis, J. and Thornbory, G. (2012). Employment Law and Occupational Health. 7th ed. Somerset: Wiley, p.63. O'Brien, J. and Hussey, S. (n.d.). Introduction to occupational therapy. 5th ed. Elsevier - Health Sciences Division, p.7. Perrewe, P. and Ganster, D. (2011). The role of individual differences in occupational stress and well being. 3rd ed. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Smedley, J., Dick, F. and Sadhra, S. (2013). Oxford handbook of occupational health. 3rd ed. Oxford: OUP Oxford, p.238. Smith, Q. (2012). Occupational diseases. 2nd ed. NewYork: Oxford University Press, p.37. Spellman, F. and Bieber, R. (2011). Physical hazard control. 2nd ed. Lanham, Md.: Government Institutes, p.71. Zuckerman, J., Leggat, P. and Brunette, G. (2015). Essential Travel Medicine. 2nd ed. Budapest: John Wiley Sons.